Analytical Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Analytical Report - Essay ExampleIt compares these views in an an nonated bibliography of several sources. It focuses on the weaknesses in the current takeing methods used to teach ghostlike education. Upon successful exploration of these weaknesses, the report gives recommendations by different researchers to eliminate these weaknesses. The report focuses on global religions and societies as suggested by its title.The American Academy of piety (2010) indicates that there is high illiteracy of religions due to lack of proper teachings on the importance of religious studies in schools. It goes further to show that most students do not take religious studies seriously due to poor teaching. It emphasizes that most teachers do not have ample knowledge of guiding students to see the importance of religious studies. According to this source, religious studies are meant to assist students explore different views of societies regarding religions. Teachers should guide students to apprecia te the importance of religious studies instead of influencing them to hunt situation views of particular religions. Influencing students to follow and adopt particular religious leads to hatred of other religious.It was further discovered by The American Academy of Religion (2010) that faith-based expressions taught in religious studies should introduce students to intellectual the impact of religion on economic, social, political matters. The students will then recognize the impact of religion on these matters deepening their understanding of the religious matters. If students understand the berth of religion in the society, they will intensify their explorations on global religions and cultures. In the process, they will appreciate global religious diversity. Therefore, the students will avoid extreme stereotypes of particular religions and instead accept religious diversity (American Academy of Religion, 2010).There is massive support for non-devotional

Business Proposal In Clear Hear Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Proposal In Clear Hear Scenario - look for ExampleThe decision will be based on the contribution earned or foregone by adopting an option. In the first option, the federation looses a contribution of $11 and in the second option, the companionship can earn an additional contribution margin of $1 per unit. So, in order to maximize the receipts the company should accept OEMs offer to manufacture the remaining 30000 units. This will result in an additional revenue of $1500000.From the above figure, it can be seen that the companys contribution becomes negative, if important model is switched to Alpha. So, it is advised that the company should adopt the second option. This will help the company to maximize its revenue. By doing so, the company will also be equal to make use of its excess capacity. For this, the company will non have to incur any further fixed costs. As a result of this the be fixed costs will get distributed over the excess units. The utilization of the excess capacity will also lower the Average Cost (AC) of distributively unit. This is because the Total Cost will now be allocated over a large number of units resulting in a reduced AC.As the company does not have to incur any extra fixed cost for the excess 100000 units the profit will move up. For the additional units, the only cost that the company has to bear is the Variable Cost as the fixed costs remain fixed irrespective of the level of production.In order to reduce the cost of production, the company can lower the material cost by setting up production centers near the sources of supply. This will reduce the distribution cost and will thus lower the purchase cost of the material (Kobayshi, 2003).The company can also lower its overall costs by minimizing waste and ensuring efficient management of the in stock(predicate) resources. By purchasing the goods in bulk quantity the company can avail the trade discounts which will reduce the cost of

Controversy impacts the community and community policing Research Paper

Controversy impacts the community and community policing - Research Paper ExampleSince its establishment, NYPD has done a lot to ensure that impudent York City is safe for all its residents. In particular, the department has been very effective since 1994 when William Bratton became the commissioner of the department. He introduced one of the policing strategies proactive policing or otherwise publicly called the Stop and lark about policy, which has improved security in the city vis--vis a lot of criticism from citizens (Ron, 2009). With the proactive policy, Bratton focused on combating crime in all crime hotspots and fetching care of victims. This operation entailed the use of police undercover, decoys, relying on informants, raiding, shadowing offenders, and saturating streets with police officers. Note that criminal acts are not evenly distri yeted with the city (Ferreira, 1996). To handle this challenge, Bratton request police officers to patrol certain areas more than the other areas. Another key factor that proactive policy used is encouraging good relationship among the police department and the people. This strategy incorporates the people into security issues. Citizens were encouraged to call the police using the public number 911. Although many citizens are of the opinion that the heading of police officers in the streets cannot deter crime, but proactive policy has proved that aggressive patrol makes a lot of difference. However, the citizens seem to like this policy but object the way the police officers stop and frisk them yet they are not crime suspects (Franklin, 2012).The credits of Stop and Frisk policy can be justified by the tremendous reduction in crime incidence in the city. In January 2013, Ray Kelly the New York police commissioner reported that the strategies used in proactive policy has helped the police department to keep crime cases in New York at very low rates. In addition, this policy

Using Demand Management Policies to Promote Economic Growth in the UK Essay

Using Demand Management Policies to Promote Economic Growth in the UK - Essay ExampleEconomic growth can be outlined as a measure of a rise in the Growth Domestic Product (GDP). It is for this reason that we determine whether a rude is undergoing inflation or growth and the cost of living of a particular country. To better understand the definition, the term GDP should be made clear. The latter bears a sum integral of the production of a given country for the year in question. The total sum comes from adding the government, business and citizens expenditure and deducting it from all exports of the country (McCombie and Anthony 43). This will give a general idea of how the market is performing against other international trading markets. The current economic level as explained earlier can be attri neverthelessed to a number of factors. One of them is that the government has been against the policy of owning property by the reality and has also declined the expansion of welfare prog rams for the public. Nevertheless, the country has an enviable service patience with proper and modern facilities in place. These facilities can be traced to the banking sector, insurance and other business entities that have sky-rocketed the economic growth. Ironically, industries are not in the limelight anymore. As for the forecast economic growth, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has much to say about the future of the United Kingdom. They report that the universe is undergoing a recovery phase, but certain factors will inhibit this progression. High risks with no guaranteed returns continue to challenge investors, which can diminish growth added that the financial aspect and business opportunities are low. Mr. Daniel Tarling-Hunter, an economist explains why the economy may be falling apart (Thompsons 22). The three reasons that he puts forth are linked to an make up in the rates of unemployment, adding that there is increasing inflation in the region leading to peopl es distrust in the government. He adds that this may change in the middle months of 2012 payable to hosting of the Olympic Games and an overall decrease in inflation. The economic policies of the UK gear towards a decrease in the manufacturing and production industries. This has caused a stir among the renowned economists of the country. The government has been slavish in providing policies aimed at enhancing even and proper financial growth all over the country. For instance, it has tried to promote business and its prospects in a view to increase employment in the region. There have been four policies instigated to help economic growth. One of them is the fiscal policy targeting the finance sector which has been out of hand since the public is borrowing large sums of money to pay expensive mortgage thus enhancing debt. The monetary policy will aid in ensuring regulation of prices for greater perceptual constancy in the trade market while the microeconomic policies will target a t drawing the country into a better stand in the world economy by looking into issues of taxation system and business system. Increased government spending refers to the act of the government to influence the economic setup of a country by acquiring more goods and services than it had previously allocated in its national budget. There is an overall rise in the total demand of the country during such periods. It is part of the fiscal policy by the government to control spending in the country. It could have a positive or a slowed electric shock on the countrys economic prospect. When there is less spending by the government, the rate of GDP goes under since it

Epsteins Essay Example for Free

Epsteins EssayWe must all acknowledge and adhere to the feeling of boredom, as we nurture all felt its distinct dampness in some form or another. Epsteins essay Duh, Bor-ing is able to capture and enforce its ideologies through plow references and quotations with a little education and perseverance you are able to decipher and put meaning behind the unique examples he portrays in his writing. Epstein starts his essay with somewhere I have read that boredom is the torment of hell that Dante Forgot (Epstein 1). In using this quote from Albert Speer we really get the feeling that boredom is unbeneficial and in point tormenting at times. As many will agree with that statement, Epstein further goes on to say When bored, time slows drastically, the world seems logy and without promise, and reality itself can grow shadowed and vague (Epstein 2). There again giving you the feeling that boredom can cause you to perceive time differently and cause life to become calamitous and gloomy at times. He does a great job incorporating these quotes into his writing to really back the feeling that we carry towards boredom.We have all felt the disallow vibes portrayed from boredom and many of us try to avoid them at all costs. Being able to form my own opinions, judgments and thoughts on the result allows Epsteins essay to be easily relatable and interesting to read. Epstein further allows you to connect with the text by particularizing on the different types of boredom perceived. Situational Boredom, in which he relates to a dull sermon (Epstein 1) and existential boredom caused by modern culture. Epstein lets us ponder the thought that maybe our own modern culture is to blame for boredom.He elaborates that boredom is often less pervasive in simpler cultures One hears little of boredom among the pygmies or the Trobriand Islanders, whose energies are taken up with the problems of mere existence (Epstein 2). With everything becoming increasingly more technological and pe ople able to live easier, longer and healthier lives maybe we create our own boredom through modern society. He also refutes existential boredom in saying Even animals know boredom, we are told, though they are deprived of the ability to complain directly most it (Epstein 1). An animal at most represents the closest thing to be at its core un-modernized.Although deprived from the ability to complain about it, animals symbolize pure immemorial instinct and yet are affected by boredom just alike. Naturally boredom has a negative stigma wrapped around it and as Toohey suggests Boredom is good for us Boredom can function as a warning signtelling those who suffer unduly from it that they fate to change their lives (Epstein 5). Epsteins allowing that negative stigma to be refuted upon and replaced with that of a greater self-perception. That maybe boredom is a self-defense mechanism or a indication in reaction to your own life struggles and yet curable.Epstein constant analytical app roach to the advantages and disadvantages of boredom helps make this essay work in building credibleness to the fact that hes not one-sided or condensed. He capitalizes on the indifferences boredom promotes and truly tries to look at the subject from all angles and sides picture power and reason from multiple sources and references. Overall with the use of distinct wordy visuals and references Epstein able to make his writing work in that of capturing his readers and allowing them to form their own recital on the matter.

Death Penalty Essay Example for Free

Death Penalty EssayShould be Abolished from our Judicial System Fagan, Jeffrey A. not bad(p) Punishment Deterrent Effects Capital Costs. www. law. columbia. edu/law-school/communications/reports. Summer 2006. Web. 06 April 2011. The article shows that the states are broken, and the money that we are spending on trials to punish criminals to finis punishment should be used in prevention. If you compare the costs of the process and the effects, USA should abolish the death penalty from our Judicial System. It is an excellent article, with detailed information and scripted y someone who has done many research virtually capital punishment. It will be very helpful to back up my thesis. Stamper, Norm.A origin Cop Speaks out Against the Death Penalty. www. deathpenalty. org/article. php. 17 Nov 2007. Web 04/02/2011. The article describes an experience of a former cop, who worked for 29 years at San Diego Police Department. In his touch death penalty is a waste of money, and fail s terribly to reduce crime. He feels like we are better off spending the money and resources on programs such(prenominal) as mental health care, drugs and alcohol treatment, after school programs and education.The article is very interesting and comes from a reliable source. He makes very good points on why we should abolish the death penalty. Death Penalty Information Center Facts closely the Death Penalty. www. deathpenaltyinfo. org. 1 April 2011. Web 04/04/2011 This is a complete and updated article about death penalty. It shows all the details and statistics about the number of defendants who were executed and their race, number of victims in death penalty cases and their races, and number of death row exonerations by state. Definitely, I will use this article on my essay because the information will ake my argument stronger, and it comes from a reliable source.Bedau, Hugo, and Paul Cassel. Debate the Death Penalty Should the States Have Capital Punishment? The experts on Both Sides Make Their Best Case. New York Oxford University Press 2004. In this book, the author and other experts debate several questions about death penalty. It provides insights on advantages and disadvantages of death penalty, and opinions come from people with different ways of thinking. This book will be helpful because it has credible information, and the author is an expert on the subject of death penalty.Some chapter will serve as a counter argument to my thesis. Amnesty USA. Death Penalty and Innocence. http//www. amnestyusa. org/deathpenalty-facts/death-penalty-and-innocence. Web. 04 April 2011. The article shows how the governor, George Ryan, of Illinois feels about the death penalty. He can not support it because the system is full of errors and he is not sure that everyone sent to death row is guilt. He does not inadequacy to see the state taking an innocent life. The article is full of good information, with facts, and many details about the number of innocent people tha t has been released from death row.The article will be helpful because it is based on statistics, data, and full of facts. Folduary, Fred. Abolish the Death Penalty. Editorial. The Progress Report. 2000 www. progress. org. Web. 04 April 2011. The article shows that there are four justifications for capital punishment protection of society, reform and rehabilitate the criminal, deterrence, restitution of the damage. Punishing the criminal to death penalty will not solve any of these problems. It is a well write article, based on researches and statistics. To make my essay stronger, with valid points, I will use some quotations from this article.

Relevance of Lead Apron in Medical Imaging Profession

Relevance of Lead Apron in Medical Imaging craftIntroductionLead prosceniums ar available in the healthcargon facilities to provide protection from unneeded moving picture of X- shaft to the patients and workers during radiology procedures usually done for diagnostic purposes. Body is shielded by the tutelary garment called chairman proscenium wall from the harmful irradiation syndrome during the medical imaging. Lead forestage is nominate to be efficient in protect from radiation photograph only when it is worn properly. It is procedured in a safe and properly inspected environment (Lead Apron Policy, 2012). Protective aprons of 0.25mm clear argon worn, while do fluoroscopy whose body is exposed to 5mR/hr or more. Individuals expected to wear genius aprons or similar radiation protection instruments essential inspect these instruments visually for any signs of damage before using them (Lead Apron Policy California code of regulations, 2012).Principles of Lead Apr onAdvantages of charter apronIt is find to be forcefulnessive and appropriate in protecting 95 per centum of 80 kVp roentgenograms. As whizz apron causes pain and stress to the subscribebone muscles covering fire strain is avoided by wearing a skirt apron around the abdomen. In performing fluoroscopic procedures, wearing chip in apron of lead equivalence 0.25mm to 0.5mm is found to decrease scattered roentgenograms by 95 percent. A thyroid collar is used along with lead apron and it is not required in the eccentric of imaging patients. Every occupation worker exposed to fluoroscopic units prouder than 5mrem/hr should wear lead apron. The dose rates that are higher than 5mrem/hr are measured within six feet of the table and it includes the place occupied by fluoroscopist (Lead Apron Policy, 2012).Disadvantages of lead apronLead apron is not sufficient for protecting 111In or 131I. No shielding is provided for the patients by the lead apron for 137Cs or 131I therapy. In th ese patients, heavy portable shields are available. Shields are provided for brachytherapy patients in the radiation oncology department. Shields for radioactive iodine therapy patients are provided by health physics department (Lead Apron Policy, 2012).Inventory policy and lead apron inspectionAccording to the joint complaint standards, annual inspections founder to be performed on the medical equipment by the health dread organizations. Lead apron inspection and inventory are performed by Stanford infirmary Clinics, Lucile Packard Childrens hospital and VA Palo Alto healthcare system. Some of the recommendations in the apron inspection policy are looking for sagging and deformities or any visible damage, performing annual tactile and visual inspection and holes and cracks are identified by radiography and fluoroscopy. It is important to use manual settings and low technique factors during fluoroscopic examination. It is not recommended to use automatic brightness control as it allow drive up the high voltage and tube current, which skill result in characterization of un infallible radiation to the operator and the wear (Lead Apron Policy, 2012).Lead apron is discarded, if the inspection reveals that there is a defect larger than 15 sq. mm on the apron parts shielding an organ or if there is any defect larger than 670 sq. mm along the seam or in the back of the apron and in thyroid shields with defects larger than 11 sq. mm (Lead Apron Policy, 2012).How can the affected technical personnel be protected from the radiation?It is not necessary for the technical personnel to stay closer to the patient in the case of radiography, general computerized tomography and mammography. Staying distant from the patient will prevent the personnel to stimulate the scattered roentgenograms from the patient. Structural shielding can also be placed in between the patient and the personnel to avoid the X-rays reaching the personnel. When the personnel are closer to the p atient in fluoroscopic examinations as well as in image guided interventions, distance and structural shield will not be able to stop the scattering of the X-rays. In such(prenominal) cases, protective clothing like aprons, spectacles, table- mounted protective curtains, ceiling suspended protective screens and thyroid shields have to be used by the personnel (JL Heron et al., 2010).Based on the lead equivalence and X-ray energy, an apron will terminate 90 percent or more of the incident scattered radiation. The protective aprons are available in various thicknesses and shapes starting from front-only apron to a full coat. The front-only apron will be effective, if the person wearing it is facing the source of the scattered radiation (JL Heron et al., 2010).Radiological workloads differ for various specialities. The concerned protective tools required by a particular department are specified by a radiation protection expert or a medical physicist. The person with high workload in th e cardiac laboratory must(prenominal) utilize all the protective tools, while a person in the orthopedic suite might require a front-only apron. If the person is working closer to the patient during imaging and wears an apron, a dosimeter that is fixed under the apron will estimate icon of rays to the shielded portion and will not properly estimate the exposure of organs and tissues present outside the apron. Two dosimeters fixed inside and outside of the apron will give a good estimate of the effective dose to be used (JL Heron et al., 2010).How far are the lead aprons protective against ionizing radiation?Research studies were done to analyze the qualitative and quantitative aspects of lead aprons with the help of various methods. Eighty five lead aprons were collected from various departments in the hospital and from the district polyclinics where radiation exposure was present. They were collected and brought to the radiology clinic of the hospital to assess their protective n ature. Aprons were identified based on the number of years they were used by the personnel, the units from where they have been obtained, number of personnel by whom they were worn, the model, the material by which they are made of and the thickness of lead in the apron (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012).X-rays were delivered such that 35X35 cm wide area of the lead apron is exposed to the radiation. There was 110cm distance between tube focus and lead apron. The images on the plates exposed on the back of the apron are transferred to films and these films are later evaluated with the help of scratches, cracks, rips and defects that might be present on the lead aprons (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012). As per the standard method, holes greater than 2mm diameter and cracks longer than 4mm were considered as destruction criteria. The aprons exposed with the same criteria were allotted for dosimeter testing by the ratio of ray absorption. The absorption features were assessed using two te sts such as scattering X-rays on the apron directly and indirectly. In both direct and indirect methods, same parameters were used for estimating the radiation by fixing the dosimeters in the front as well as at the back of apron. The doses were evaluated and the absorptions were calculated.The base for apron measurements, ten protective aprons with radiation permeableness and various lead thicknesses, Turkish standards institution documents approved quality and durability were chosen. Aprons that were not used before were used as controls. The analyzed aprons were measured individually and the results were noted down (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012).The results have shown that lead is the material used for radiation protection. Among double-sided lead aprons, skirt-vest lead aprons and frontal protection lead aprons, the frontal protection apron is closelyly used. Evaluating the cleanliness of the aprons, 23 were clean and the remaining were either little or too dirty. No signifi cant association was observed between the apron destruction criteria and apron modify methods. Evaluating the overall condition of the apron, 45 aprons were in good condition and the remaining was either slightly or extremely worn out (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012).Highest radiation permeability was observed in extremely worn out aprons and in aprons that were in decent condition. The apron that was worn out very little is least permeable compared to the extremely worn out and those in good condition. Among 58 aprons, 26 were destroyed overdue to cracks, 14 due to tears and holes, and 18 due to tears. In all these aprons, radiation permeability was more than normal. No significant relationship was observed between radiation permeability and internal structural features of protective lead aprons or total number of apron users. Destruction criteria were significantly associated with apron models. Frontal protection lead apron model was destroyed most often (O Oyar and A Kislaliog lu, 2012).The exposure dose was analyzed as 996.1 little grays on average. For 0.25mm lead aprons, the exposure dose was 51.59 micro grays on average. For 0.5mm lead aprons, exposure dose was 9.891 micrograys on average. Among the indirect measurements, scattered radiation value measured at the distance of 50cm was 2.1 R/h. The indirect radiation measured for 0.25mm lead equal apron was evaluated as 1.85 micro grays and that for 0.5mm lead apron was evaluated as 1 microgray (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012).Some folds and sags were observed on the protective layers of the aprons. Significant radiation permeability difference was not observed between folded aprons and non-folded aprons. The protected dose was measured as 60.20+/-22.96 micro grays for unfolded 0.5mm lead equivalent aprons. The protected dose was 50.36+/- 22.96 micro grays for folded 0.5mm aprons, 50.36+/- 22.96 micro grays for 0.25mm lead equivalent aprons. For folded 0.25mm aprons, the dose was evaluated as 46+/-19. 05 micrograys (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012).DiscussionThe aprons that were used for protecting against scattered ionizing radiation are made using lead embedded in rubber fabric, which is the mixture of lead-rubber or lead-vinyl. These aprons possess the thickness of 0.25mm to 0.5mm. They are costly and are of great importance when used and stored properly. It is an expert study that these aprons are not often preserved and taken care of, and they are folded carelessly, which could be reasons for them to lose protective ability. The research study first done in Turkey by Oyar and Kislalioglu in a quality certified hospital with a control standard and the measurements were taken for quantitative and qualitative radiation exposure values from the protective lead aprons (O Oyar and A Kislalioglu, 2012).It is estimated that 0.5mm thick lead aprons will be able to absorb higher than 90 percent of irradiation at the dose of 150kVp. The similar apron must be able to absorb higher than 99 percent of the irradiation dose at 70kVp (Radiation issue notes, 2008). In some of the studies on absorption ratio of protective aprons, research has revealed that either indirect or direct X-ray absorption ratio of aprons must be measured separately (Christodoulou EG, 2003 Muir S, 2005).Though the actual purpose of lead apron is to protect against indirect X-radiation, in the study done by Oyar and Kislalioglu, the results from direct radiation exposure measurements might be more beneficial in the evaluations due to wider spectrum width. Direct measurements were accepted to provide better results from the evaluations of ray absorption by the lead aprons.If lead aprons are not stored properly, they will lose the protecting quality and radiation protection ability is reduced for that apron gradually. The storage racks for lead aprons are available in various styles and configurations to fulfill the necessities of the medical facility (Universal medical, 2014).Medical professional s interested to wear lead aprons or other radiation protection instruments must have their protective garments checked well for any damages like rips and tears, cracks in the lead lining and sagging lead before their use. halal lead apron storage will extend the apron life by preventing the lead lining damage and the external fabric damage. Lead aprons have to be hung by the apron hangers instead of folding them. Damages can result even if the apron storage is incorrect. Organizing the aprons properly will make the tracking swear out and the State or Joint commission inspection easier. Inspection of aprons will improve their organization (Universal medical, 2014).Usually, it is a common practice to place half apron at the back of the patient during the erect chest radiograph to protect the patient from radiation dose from tube leakage and room scatter. Most of the back scatter from the patient is a part of the internal scatter that might affect gonads and other tissues. Half apron will have least effect from patient dose and they make the patients to realize that precautions taken will protect them from unnecessary exposure (Lead garments (Felmlee JP et al., 1991).Use of lead shield is made mandatory for gonadal protection in most of the X-ray departments. If the gonads are present nearer the primary X-ray beam, gonadal shielding is very much necessary. Even if the X-ray field is not near the gonads, gonadal shield is given as the deterrent for the pediatric patients. According to the national recommendations associated with shielding of patients from radiation exposure during imaging, lead aprons were not significantly reducing radiation dose. Dental radiation policies indicate that implementing all the routine precautions will not demand the use of lead aprons on the patient. Later, lead aprons were considered as reducing the radiation dose, from several diagnostic X-ray procedures, to the reproductive organs. Radiation can cause germ cell mutations which might be carried to the next generations. Lead aprons have a precautionary role in reducing the radiation dose (Felmlee JP et al., 1991).The protective clothing worn by the radiographers consists of lead and other metals like tungsten, barium, tin and antimony. The clothing will help in shielding the personnel from radiation. The metals in the radiation protective clothing are equivalently compound with polyvinyl chloride or synthetic rubber. Sheets of nylon fabric coated with urethane are placed against the side of lead impregnated rubber in between the two and five sheets of metal-impregnated rubber or polyvinyl chloride. These materials are cut as a pattern and sewn to create a protective garment. The manufacturers of these garments alter the sheet number, metal percentage, rubber or PVC grade and the metal mixture affecting the durability, weight, flexibility and radiation absorption efficiency (Felmlee JP et al., 1991).Normally, lead apron is not used for the patients undergo ing medical procedures associated with radiation as the area of interest will not be protected. Lead aprons are mostly recommended for those who are exposed to the radiation by being in their occupation. If the apron is worn between the direct X-ray beam and the patient, then 90 percent of the rays are prevented from entering the patients body. Therefore, it is not practical for putting apron on the body part that is of interest to the physician (Felmlee JP et al., 1991).As per the standards put forward by the Joint Commission, healthcare organizations have to perform inspections on the medical instrumentation along with the lead aprons. Health department of State also should have a regulation for inspecting the lead aprons. Titanium is used as the shielding material in the titanium aprons. Other materials used in the aprons are barium and bismuth. The shielding properties of the material can be assessed by their pickle coefficient and linear attenuation coefficient. Mass attenuat ion coefficient for the elements is found by physical reference data website of National institute of standards and technology (Felmlee JP et al., 1991).ConclusionAs the X-ray imaging is being used continuously all through the world, this technology has created new challenges for occupational protection for the medical staff from radiation. In many of the X-ray procedures, it is necessary for the medical staff to stay closer to the patients, while performing the imaging. Therefore, there is potential for the staff to get exposed to the radiation and it has become extremely important for them to implement certain restrictions to prevent themselves from radiation exposure.Lead aprons decrease the radiation dose to the gonads from various diagnostic X-ray procedures. Radiation can cause mutations in the reproductive cells, which might be transferred to the future generations. Protective clothing worn by the radiographers consists of lead and other metals, like tungsten, barium, tin and antimony. These metals are mix with polyvinylchloride to create a protective garment. The number of sheets, metal percentage, rubber grade and metal mixture in different ratios will show impact on the flexibility, durability, radiation absorption, weight and efficiency of the protection sheets.Lead aprons are highly effective in absorbing diagnostic X-rays to the body parts shielded by the apron. The effectiveness is energy dependent and averages to about 90 to 95 percent. Irrespective of whether the radiation personnel have worn the lead apron or not, the exposure allowed on the body is ruled by exposure limits. Apart from the lead aprons, mobile shielding is also helpful in protecting the body from radiation.References1 Christodoulou EG, Goodsitt MM, Larson SC, Darner KL, Satti J, Chan HP. evaluation of thetransmitted exposure through lead equiv aprons used in a radiology department, including thecontribution from backscatter. Med Phys 2003 3010331038.2 Felmlee JP, McGough PF, Morin RL, Classic KL. Hand dose measurements in interventionalradiology. Health Phys 1991 60(2)265-267. Retrieved fromhttp//hps.org/publicinformation/ate/faqs/leadgarmentsfaq.html3 John Le Heron, Renato Padovani, Ian Smith, Renate Czarwinski. Radiation Protection ofMedical Staff. European journal of Radiology. 2010 7620-23.4 Kevin Jaquith. 5 reasons why you should use lead apron storage racks. Universal Medical.2014. Retrieved from http//blog.universalmedicalinc.com/5-reasons-why-you-should-use- lead-apron-storage-racks/5 Lead Apron policy. Radiation protection guidance for hospital staff. Prepared for Stanfordhospital and Clinics, Lucile Packard childrens hospital and Veterans affairs Palo Alto Healthcare system 2010.6 Muir S, McLeod R, Dove R. Light-weight lead apronslight on weight, protection orlabelling accuracy? Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 2005 28128130.7 Orhan Oyar, Arzu Kislalioglu. How protective are the lead aprons we use against ionizingradiation? Diagn Interv Radiol. 2012 18147-152.8 Proper selection, care, quality control and disposal of lead aprons. Radiation issue notes2008.